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Jacob Epstein
Sir Jacob Epstein (10 November 1880 – 19 August 1959) was a British〔〔〔〔 sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British citizen in 1911. He often produced controversial works which challenged taboos on what was appropriate subject matter for public artworks. He also made paintings and drawings, and often exhibited his work.〔Carrick Hill, ''(Jacob Epstein )''〕
==Early life and education==
Epstein's parents were Polish Jewish refugees,〔Jewish Virtual Library. (Sir Jacob Epstein (1880–1959) )〕〔Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon. ''(The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia )'', p. 33. Schreiber Pub., 2003. ISBN 978-1-887563-77-2〕 living on New York's Lower East Side. His family was middle-class, and he was the third of five children. His interest in drawing came from long periods of illness; as a child he suffered from pleurisy.
He studied art in his native New York as a teenager, sketching the city, and joined the Art Students League of New York in 1900. For his livelihood, he worked in a bronze foundry by day, studying drawing and sculptural modelling at night. Epstein's first major commission was to illustrate Hutchins Hapgood's ''Spirit of the Ghetto''. The money from the commission was used by Epstein to move to Paris.
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